YANCEY DAVID-F, ZHANG LIANG, CROOKS RICHARD-M, et dendrimer encapsulated nanoparticles as model electrocatalysts for comparison of experiment and theory.Chemical Science, 2012, 3(4): 1033-1040. GASTEIGER HUBET-A, KOCHA SHYAM-S, SOMPALLI BHASKAR, et al.Activity benchmarks and requirements for Pt, Pt-alloy, and non-Pt oxygen reduction catalysts for PEMFCs.Applied Catalysis B Environmental, 2005, 56(1/2): 9-35.Д«ING YONG-HONG, LIU HAN-SAN, ZHANG LEI, et al.Nanostructured Pt-alloy electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cell oxygen reduction reaction.Cheminform, 2010, 39: 2184-2202. Oxide-ion and proton conducting electrolyte materials for clean energy applications: structural and mechanistic features.Chemical Society Reviews, 2010, 39(5): 4370-4387. MALAVASI LORENZO, FISHER CRAIG-A J, ISLAM M-SAIFUL. RALPH T R, HOGARTH M P.Catalysis for low temperature fuel cells.Platinum Metals Review, 2002, 46(1): 3-14. In addition, high specific surface area and porous network structure increase electrocatalytic activity sites of ORR, high concentration of oxygen vacancies favor process of ORR, appropriate crystallographic structures with open tunnels, facilitating oxygen chemisorption. The catalytic activities of Ca-Mn-O oxides (onset potential, limiting current density and transferred electron number) depend strongly on the surface Mn oxidation state and the crystallographic structures.

The catalyst demonstrates significant electrocatalytic activity towards ORR: a high limit current density, near an apparent quasi four electron oxygen reduction, and low yield of peroxide species in alkaline solutions, which suggestes the potential application of Ca 2MnO 4 as cheap and abundant ORR catalysts. The results of XRD, FE-SEM, TEM and BET displayed the as-synthesized layer-pervoskite Ca 2MnO 4 displayed interconnected porous network structure and high special surface area. Calcium-manganese oxides (Ca-Mn-O) of layer-pervoskite Ca 2MnO 4 was firstly prepared by using calcium alginate fiber as supporter and then investigated as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), compared with post-spinel CaMn 3O 6.

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